Wara li l-proposta tiġi adottata formalment mill-Parlament Ewropew, se tiġi implimentata mill-1 ta 'Jannar 2023, u l-ambitu tal-imposta jkopri industriji bħas-siment, il-fertilizzant, l-aluminju u l-azzar. Il-perjodu ta’ tranżizzjoni mill-2023 sal-2025 se jiġi implimentat, u t-tariffi tal-karbonju se jiġu introdotti formalment fl-2026.
As the world's first proposal to address climate change in the form of a carbon tariff, it would have profound implications for global trade.
Il-Ministru tal-Kummerċ Awstraljan għandu dan xi jgħid:
"We are very concerned that the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is essentially just a new protectionist mechanism that ultimately undermines global free trade and hits homegrown Australian exporters and jobs."
Sa mill-2008, Krugman, rebbieħ tal-Premju Nobel fl-ekonomija, ressaq suppożizzjoni ċara dwar ir-razzjonalità tat-tariffi tal-karbonju taħt il-qafas tad-WTO.
He believes that imported products that do not pay carbon tariffs have an "unfair" competitive advantage, so developed countries that have undertaken mandatory emission reduction obligations have the right to choose to take trade measures at the border, increase the cost of foreign producers of similar products, and impose restrictions on imports. Products are taxed proportionally to the carbon dioxide they contain or emitted during production, while tax-exemption or tax rebates are given to products containing carbon dioxide exported from their home country, thus achieving the purpose of "leveling the arena".
Il-Mekkaniżmu ta' Aġġustament tal-Fruntiera tal-Karbonju tal-UE (CBAM) jeħtieġ li l-importazzjoni ta' prodotti intensivi tal-karbonju-biex ikunu konformi bis-sħiħ mar-regoli tal-kummerċ internazzjonali biex jipprevjenu t-tpaċija tal-isforzi tal-UE għat-tnaqqis tal-gassijiet serra billi jiġu importati prodotti magħmula f'pajjiżi mhux-tal-UE, li għandhom inqas politiki dwar it-tibdil fil-klima mill-UE stretta. Se jgħin ukoll biex jipprevjeni d-devjazzjoni tal-produzzjoni jew l-importazzjoni ta' prodotti intensivi tal-karbonju-.
L-aħħar rapport ta 'riċerka tal-Boston Consulting Group (BCG) janalizza fil-fond l-impatt ekonomiku tat-tariffi tal-karbonju tal-UE fuq industriji ewlenin u jsib li l-impatt tat-tariffi tal-karbonju fuq il-profitti tal-industrija jista' jkun għoli daqs 40 fil-mija, u l-kumpaniji fil-katina kollha tal-industrija se tħoss iż-żieda fl-ispiża. Impatt.
Għal kumpaniji esterni li jesportaw lejn l-UE, it-tariffi tal-karbonju se jaffettwaw direttament il-pajsaġġ kompetittiv, u saħansitra jbiddlu l-pajsaġġ kummerċjali b'mod akbar, skont l-esperti tal-BCG. Jekk dawn il-kumpaniji jonqsu milli jadattaw malajr għall-New Deal billi jnaqqsu l-marka tal-karbonju tagħhom, jistgħu jitilfu s-sehem mis-suq u jiġu sostitwiti b'kumpaniji oħra tal-UE jew kumpaniji aktar effiċjenti tal-karbonju-f'pajjiżi oħra.
The EU CBAM will initially cover five industries including cement, electricity, fertilizer, steel and aluminum. These five industries together account for about 40 percent of the EU's total emissions.
Mill-44 industrija li l-UE temmen li huma l-aktar fil-bżonn tat-tnaqqis tal-karbonju, 85 fil-mija huma relatati ma’ materjali, enerġija u industriji li jipprovdu materja prima għall-proċessi ta’ produzzjoni industrijali. Barra minn hekk, industriji bħal prodotti kimiċi, metalli bażiċi, prodotti tal-karta u prodotti minerali mhux-metalliċi, għalkemm relattivament inqas dipendenti fuq il-kummerċ, għandhom intensità għolja ta' emissjonijiet tal-karbonju u se jkunu wkoll affettwati direttament.
Specific EU CBAM covered products are defined in accordance with the European Combined Nomenclature, which is based on the World Customs Organization's Harmonized System Nomenclature. based on.
Jekk jogħġbok innota li l-2023-2025 ġie identifikat bħala perjodu ta’ tranżizzjoni għall-EU CBAM, li matulu l-importaturi se jkollhom biss obbligi ta’ dikjarazzjoni u l-ebda obbligu finanzjarju. Matul il-perjodu ta’ tranżizzjoni, l-importaturi huma meħtieġa jirrappurtaw fuq bażi trimestrali l-kwantità tal-prodotti importati tagħhom, l-emissjonijiet totali tal-karbonju inkorporati tagħhom, l-emissjonijiet indiretti inkorporati totali tagħhom, u l-prezz tal-karbonju mħallas fil-pajjiż tal-oriġini għall-prodotti importati.
Mill-2026, l-importaturi huma meħtieġa jħallsu l-ammont korrispondenti taċ-ċertifikati CBAM ibbażati fuq l-emissjonijiet tal-karbonju inkorporati tal-prodotti importati tagħhom.
For our companies exporting to Europe, if the products involve five industries of cement, electricity, fertilizer, steel and aluminum, especially the steel industry, we must pay attention to the changes. Last year, my country's adjustment of export tariffs on steel products has significantly reduced the export of low-end and medium-end steel products.
In fact, last autumn's "power cut and production reduction" was already a test for foreign trade. Please note that this is not a short-term thing! Because my country has promised to "strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060". This is the trend!
